按照句子的用途句子的讀音怎麼拼讀,英語句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。按照句子的結構,英語句子可分為簡單句、並列句和復合句。中考對句子的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面句子的讀音怎麼拼讀

1. 陳述句的構成形式及基本用法;

2. 祈使句的構成形式及基本用法;

3. 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構成形式及基本用法;

4. 由what, how引導的感嘆句的構成形式、用法及區別

對於各種從句的用法我們在後面分別復習。

一. 陳述句的構成形式及基本用法

1. 陳述句句子的讀音怎麼拼讀

   陳述句是用來陳述一個事實或表達說話人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降調,句末用句號“.”。

  Tom has a new car.

  The flower isn’t beautiful.

2. 陳述句否定式的構成

  (1) 如果肯定陳述句的謂語部分含有助動詞、情態動詞或連系動詞be,則隻需在這些動詞後加not即可構成否定式。

He is playing the guitar.(肯定)

He is not playing the guitar.(否定)

We can get there before dark.(肯定)

We can’t get thee before dark.(否定)

  (2) 如果陳述句的謂語動詞是實義動詞,而其中又沒有情態動詞或助動詞時,則需根據人稱和時態在該實義動詞前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。同時把該實義動詞變為原形。

He plays the violin well.(肯定)

He doesn’t play the violin well.(否定)

She won the game.(肯定)

She didn’t win the game.(否定)

(3) 如果句子是there be結構或謂語動詞是have(有),除瞭be和have之後加not之外,句中如果有some要變為any。例如:

There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.

He has some books. →He has not any books.

(4) 除not以外,否定詞no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可構成否定句。例如:

There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.

I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film.

二. 祈使句的構成形式及基本用法

祈使句是用來表示命令、請求、建議、號召等的句子,謂語動詞用原形,句末用感嘆號“!”或句號“.”。朗讀時一般用降調。

1. 肯定的祈使句:

(1)祈使句主語是you時,you常省略,但如果要特別強調對方或表達某種強烈的情緒時可以有主語或稱呼語。

Be quiet.

You be quiet!

(2)“Do+祈使句”表示一種強烈的感情或請求,do起強調作用。

Do come back at once!

Do be careful.

(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣,但please用在句末時,必須用逗號與其餘部分分開。

Open the window, please.

(4)Let引導祈使句時,後面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語,人稱代詞一般隻用第一、第三人稱。

Let Jack wait a minute.

Let’s go to school.

(5)在祈使句中,Let’s和 Let us是有區別的。Let’s包括說話者,而Let us不包括聽話者在內。這點從反意疑問句時可明顯看出。

Let’s go skating, shall we?(表示內部的建議)

Let us try again, will you?(表示向別人發出請求)

2. 否定祈使句通常以Don’t或Never開頭。其結構通常是:“Don’t(Never)+動詞原形+其他成分” 例如:

Don’t do that again!

Never leave today’s work for tomorrow!

Don’t be late next time!

三. 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構成形式及基本用法

1. 一般疑問句:

(1)一般疑問句的肯定形式

一般疑問句一般是指以助動詞、情態動詞、be動詞或have(有)開始,通常要求以yes,或no來回答的疑問句,一般疑問句讀時通常用升調。

Do you know Mr. Smith?

Can you swim?

(2)一般疑問句的否定結構

① 在一般疑問句的否定結構中,把副詞not放在一般疑問句的主語之後。但如果用not的簡略形式-n’t,則須將-n’t與一般疑問句句首的be, have,助動詞或情態動詞寫在一起。在實際運用中,一般都采用簡略式。

Are you not a football fan?

Aren’t you a football fan?

Will she not like it?

Won’t she like it?

② 與漢語不同的是,英語一般疑問句否定結構的答語是否定還是肯定,全由答語的否定或肯定來決定。若答語是肯定的,則用yes加肯定結構;若答語是否定的,則用no加否定結構。

Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷嗎?

Yes, I am.

No, I am not.

Won’t she like it?

Yes, she will.

  No, she won’t.

2. 特殊疑問句

特殊疑問句由“疑問代詞或疑問副詞+一般疑問句”構成,句子一般用倒裝語序,但如果主語是疑問代詞或由疑問代詞修飾時,用陳述句的語序。特殊疑問句不能用yes或no回答,讀時用降調。例如:

Who is on duty today?

How long have you been in Beijing?

What time do you get up every morning?

What must I do now?

常用的特殊疑問句

詢問內容

疑問詞或句型

例 句

回 答

職業,身份

what

What is your father?

He is a doctor.

姓名或關系

who

Who is that boy?

He is Jack.

He is my brother

相貌特征

what…like?

What is she like?

What does she look like?

She is beautiful.

目的

what…for?

What did they come here for?

To attend a meeting.

原因

why

Why did they come here?

Because they have a meeting to attend.

天氣

how

what…like?

How is the weather today?

What is the weather like today?

It’s fine.

顏色

what color…?

What dolor is her skirt?

It’s red.

服裝尺寸

what size

What size does he wear?

He wars 40.

幾點鐘

what time

What time is it?

It’s 7:30.

星期幾

what day

What day is today?

It’s Tuesday.

幾號,日期

what is the date…?

What is the date today?

It’s May 2.

年齡(多大)

how old

How old is he?

He is 38.

持續多長時間(多久)

how long

How long have you been here?

For five months.

長度(多長)

how long

How long is the bridge?

It’s 500 metres.

距離(多遠)

how far

How far is it from here to the zoo?

It’s 6 kilometres.

頻度

(多經常)

how often

How often do you come back?

Once a week.

時間經過

(多快)

how soon

How soon will she arrive?

In an week.

數量

(多少)

how many(可數名詞)

how much(不可數名詞)

How many jackets do you have?

How much coffee do you want?

Three.

Two cups.

價格

how much

How much is it?

How much does it cost?

Five dollars.

高度

(多高)

how tall(人,樹)

how high(山,建築物)

How tall is she?

How high is the tower?

She’s 1.73 metres.

It’s 450 metres.

3. 選擇疑問句:

選擇疑問句是說話者提出兩種或兩種以上的不同情況,讓對方選擇回答的疑問句。其結構是“疑問句+選擇部分”。選擇部分由or連接,or前面的部分讀升調,or後面的部分讀降調。

選擇疑問句不能用yes或no回答,而必須具體的選擇答復。

Is your bag yellow or black? It’s black.。

Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do.。

Which do you like better, singing or dancing? I like dancing better.

4. 反意疑問句:

反意疑問句是指在陳述句之後附加一個意思與之相反的簡短問句,問對方是否贊同的疑問句。附加問句的否定式必須縮寫。

(1)肯定的陳述句後跟否定的附加問句,否定的陳述句後跟肯定的附加問句。

I am your teacher, aren’t I?

He didn’t study hard, did he?

(2)如果陳述句中含有否定副詞never(從不,決不),hardly(幾乎不)或其他表示否定代詞或形容詞,如nothing, none no one, nobody, neither, few, little等,則附加問句隻能用肯定式。如:

They hardly write to each other, do they?

He has found nothing, has he?

Few people knew the secret, did they?

(3)當反意疑問句是“否定陳述句+肯定附加問句”時,英語與漢語的回答習慣存在差異。英語回答時隻看實際情況,若答語的具體內容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定結構”,答語的具體內容是否定的就用“No+否定結構”,而譯成漢語時,則必須把yes譯“不是”,把no譯成“是的”。

---You won’t be away for long, will you? 你不會離開太久,是嗎?

   ---Yes, I will.不,我會離開很久。

---No, I won’t.是的,我不會離開很久。

   ---I don’t think she’ll come by bike, will she? 我認為她不會騎自行車,會嗎?

   ---Yes, she will.不,她會騎自行車來。

---No, she won’t.是的,她不會騎自行車來。

四. 由what, how引導的感嘆句的構成形式、用法及區別

  感嘆句是表示喜、怒、哀、樂以及驚異等感情的句子。句末用感嘆號“!”,讀時用降調,感嘆句往往由what或how引導,what修飾名詞,how修飾形容詞,副詞或動詞。

1. what引導的感嘆句:

 (1)what + a/an +形容詞+單數可數名詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)

   What a beautiful city it is!

   What an interesting story she told!

 (2)what+形容詞+復數可數名詞/不可數名詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)

   What expensive watches they are!

   What terrible weather it is!

2.How引導的感嘆句:

 (1)How+形容詞/副詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)

   How cold it is!

  How hard he works!

 (2)How+陳述句(主語+謂語)

   How he loves his son!   

How I miss you!

 (3)How+形容詞+a/an+單數可數名詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)

   How tall a tree it is!

(4)上述兩種感嘆句可以互相轉換。例如:

What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is!

What a cold day it is!→How cold it is!

【中考試題范例】

1. (上海徐匯區中考試題)

_________ useful computer it is!

A. What B. What a C. What an D. How

答案:B。該題考查的是感嘆句的結構。這個感嘆句的中心詞是一單數可數名詞computer, 所以要用what來修飾,又因為useful第一個發音是輔音,what之後的不定冠詞用a,而不用an。

2. (嘉興市中考試題)

---________ is it from Jiaxing to Hangzhou?

---I’m not sure, but it takes about ninety minutes to get there by bus.

A. How many B. How often C. How much D. How far

答案:D。該題考查的是特殊疑問句疑問詞的選擇。問話者是在問距離,所以應用how far來提問。

3. (河北省中考試題)

---_______ will it take us to get there by bus?

---About two hours.

A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How quick

答案:C。該題考查的是特殊疑問句疑問詞的選擇。問話者是在問時間,所以應用how long來提問。

4. (長沙市中考試題)

---Help! There is a snake near the house.

---________ afraid. It will go away later.

A. Don’t B. Not C. Don’t be D. Be

答案:C。該題考查的是祈使句的結構。祈使句的否定結構是:“Don’t(Never)+動詞原形+其他成分” 符合這一要求的隻有C。

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